These were the evil killer army ants in the movie The Naked Jungle starring Charlton Heston and Eleanor Parker. This is the story of a lonely chocolate plantation owner who sends for a mail order bride. Needless to say, they don't hit it off at first, but then the ants intervene. They eat everything in their path including slowpoke natives and evil slavers. If you like overheated B-movies, this is a great one of its kind.
UPDATE: Was it "marabunta" or "marabunda"? Does anyone have the script? Check out the links above for more on the movie and its star by a real fan.